Ecosystems play a crucial role in providing a favourable living environment and spaces for different species to interact while providing important resources and regulating key ecological processes that are influenced by human activities, natural events and climate change.

In recent years, the application of the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) Nexus approach, which aims at sustainable development, natural resource management and mitigation and adaptation measures for a low-carbon economy, has increased significantly (Huelsmann and Jampani, 2021)